In modern tunnel construction, в Туннельная подкладка—also known as a formwork trolley or lining formwork system—is a crucial piece of equipment used to support and shape the inner concrete lining of tunnels. As tunnels are built in various geological conditions and for different purposes (such as transportation, добыча, or water conveyance), the choice of lining trolley can significantly impact construction efficiency, structural quality, and overall project cost.
Considerations for Selecting Tunnel Lining Trolley
Choosing the right lining trolley is crucial for the efficiency, безопасность, and cost-effectiveness of any tunnel project.
Tunnel Dimensions and Geometry (Cross-section and Length):
Tunnel Cross-section: The shape and size of the tunnel (например, круговой, horseshoe, rectangular, large-span, small-span) will dictate the formwork design and, consequently, the type and dimensions of the lining trolley. Different trolleys are designed for highway tunnels, railway tunnels, subway sections, water diversion tunnels, п., each with specific lining length capabilities (например, 4.5m to 15m).
Lining Length: The required length of each concrete lining segment will influence the trolley’s design and capacity. Longer segments can reduce casting cycles but require a more robust and possibly longer trolley.
Inclination/Slope: For inclined shafts, specialized trolleys with four active wheels or hydraulic wheel-less structures are needed to handle the steep slopes.
Level of Automation and Control:
Manual vs. Hydraulic vs. Smart/Automated: Lining trolleys range from simple, manually operated systems to fully hydraulic automatic walking trolleys and even “smart” trolleys with integrated automatic pouring, vibrating, and monitoring systems.
Efficiency and Labor Cost: Highly automated systems can significantly improve working efficiency, снизить трудоемкость, and accelerate lining speed, but come with a higher initial investment. Simple trolleys might be suitable for shorter tunnels or projects with less stringent timelines.
Precision and Quality: Advanced systems offer better control over the concrete pouring process, minimizing defects like voids, insufficient thickness, and cracks, leading to a higher quality tunnel lining.
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