Cojinetes de giro are critical components in large equipment like cranes, excavadoras, y turbinas eólicas, enabling rotation and supporting significant loads. A robust replacement strategy is essential to minimize downtime, ensure safety, and optimize operational costs. This strategy involves a combination of proactive maintenance, condition monitoring, and a well-planned replacement or repair process.
Slewing Bearing Replacement Strategy for Large Equipment
I. Proactive Maintenance and Inspection (Preventive & Predictive)
The goal is to extend bearing life and predict failure before it happens.
Regular Lubrication:
Frecuencia: Follow manufacturer guidelines. This typically ranges from every 50-100 hours of operation for slow-moving equipment to every 8 hours for continuously rotating equipment.
Method: Add grease slowly while rotating the bearing to ensure even distribution and purge old, contaminated grease. Sufficient grease is applied when it overflows from the seal.
Type of Grease: Use heavy-duty, extreme-pressure (EP) grease as recommended by the manufacturer.
Gear Lubrication: If the slewing bearing has integrated gears, lubricate them separately as their requirements differ from the raceways. Apply small amounts of grease at the point of mesh.
Bolt Torque Checks:
Initial Check: Después 100 hours of initial operation, re-check bolt torque.
Subsequent Checks: Cada 300-500 horas, and more frequently in harsh conditions (vibration, shock).
Procedimiento: Wipe bolts clean, apply thread-locking adhesive if replacing, and tighten to the manufacturer’s specified pre-tension (often 70% of the bolt material’s yield limit). Use Q&T (quenched and tempered) arandelas; spring washers are prohibited.
Importance: Loose bolts can lead to uneven load distribution, localized stress, and premature failure.
Visual Inspections:
Frecuencia: At least weekly, or before each operation.
What to look for:
Cracks or damage on the slewing ring.
Signs of biting, royendo, or surface peeling on gear teeth.
Integrity of seals: replace damaged seals promptly and reset any that have fallen off. Seals prevent contamination of the raceways.
Unusual noise or impact during rotation.
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