Tunnel formwork operations present unique safety challenges due to the confined nature of the work, potential for ground instability, and the use of heavy equipment and materials. Adherence to stringent safety standards is crucial to prevent accidents, травмы, and fatalities.
Safety Standards for Tunnel Formwork Operation
Here’s a breakdown of key safety standards and considerations for tunnel formwork operations, drawing from various regulations and best practices:
я. General Safety Management and Planning:
Competent Person: А “competent person” (as defined by relevant regulations like OSHA) must be responsible for carrying out and overseeing numerous safety requirements, including inspections, hazard identification, and implementing control measures.
Risk Assessment: A systematic process of identifying hazards, assessing risks, and implementing effective control measures is paramount. Это включает в себя:
Site Assessment: Evaluating the site for uneven terrain, overhead obstructions, environmental factors (например, adverse weather).
Hazard Identification: Recognizing potential for structural instability, falls, falling objects, manual handling injuries, and structural failures.
Emergency Planning: Developing and training personnel on emergency procedures, including evacuation plans, flood control, fire prevention, and rescue.
Communication: Effective communication systems (voice, power-assisted where natural voice is ineffective) must be maintained between the work face, shaft bottom, and surface.
Check-in/Check-out Procedure: A system to accurately track personnel underground is essential to ensure accountability in emergencies. At least one designated person must be on duty above ground.
Training: All employees involved in underground construction must be trained to recognize and respond to hazards. Training should be tailored to the specific job site and cover topics like:
Air monitoring and ventilation
Illumination
Communications
Flood control
Личное защитное оборудование (СИЗ)
Emergency procedures and evacuation plans
Check-in/check-out procedures
…
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