Tunnel construction is a complex and high-stakes process. Selecting the right облицовка туннеля is crucial not only for ensuring structural stability but also for minimizing operational risks and long-term maintenance costs. Whether you are working on a metro, railway, highway, or mining tunnel, understanding the requirements for tunnel linings can save time, сократить расходы, and most importantly, ensure safety.
Choosing the right tunnel lining for metro, railway, and highway projects is a critical decision in tunnel design, as it directly impacts safety, долговечность, constructability, and cost. The selection process involves balancing numerous technical and non-technical factors, primarily driven by the ground conditions and the tunnel’s function.
How to Choose the Best Tunnel Lining for Metro, Railway and Highway Projects
1. Why the Right Tunnel Lining Choice Is Essential
A tunnel lining acts as the main structural layer that supports surrounding ground pressure, controls deformation, and ensures durability. Incorrect lining selection may result in:
Unexpected cracking or structural failure
Excessive settlement or ground subsidence
Higher maintenance and repair costs
Delays or complete suspension of construction
Serious safety hazards for workers and end-users
In extreme cases, poor lining design can compromise the entire tunnel’s operational safety. This is why tunnel lining selection must be based on geological conditions, требования к нагрузке, и долговечность.
Key Factors to Consider in Tunnel Lining Selection
The decision is complex and requires thorough geotechnical investigation. The main factors can be broadly classified:
А. Geotechnical and Hydrogeological Conditions
Это самый важный фактор, as the ground dictates the required support.
Ground Type and Strength:
Hard Rock: Often allows for thinner linings or even unlined sections where the rock has inherent self-supporting ability (arch action). Initial support may include rock bolts, меш, и торкретбетон.
Soft Ground (Глина, Песок, Silt): Requires immediate and robust support due to low inherent strength and the risk of collapse. This typically necessitates precast concrete segmental linings installed by a Tunnel Boring Machine (ТБМ).
Squeezing/Swelling Ground: Requires linings that can accommodate or resist high-intensity pressures and deformations.
Groundwater:
High Water Pressure/Flow: Requires a waterproof or highly water-resistant lining system, often involving a two-pass lining (initial support + final lining with a waterproofing membrane) or specialized gaskets and sealing in one-pass segmental linings.
Seismic Activity: Requires linings designed to withstand ground deformations caused by earthquakes.
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